The first problem to be solved in the construction of the oboe reeds People (totarella, shawm, bagpipe reed double etc ...)), is the selection of canes.
In this regard, some elderly manufacturers should cut the canes in January / February in the moonless days (in fact, in those days, the barrels have a lower content of sap).
for curing the opinions vary greatly (depending on the construction zone, the altitude, the humidity, etc ...) Some recommend it to mature for six months, some even for 5 years, all suggest her age in a shady and dry, some, to seal the ends with pitch, wax, etc. ...., others, to mature the canes only after removing the outer (With sandpaper or a piece of glass).
What reeds? This is usually the common reed (Arundo donax) of "sex" male, but manufacturers often speak of "Marines Canes" canes, ie, that grow near the sea.
Famous (in Molise and Lazio) have the pipes in the area of \u200b\u200bTerracina (Lazio), then those Lucan (the metapontino), sardines and Sicilian.
Which reeds cut from those currently in place for the collection, you could write a book. Many
inadvisable to collect those present at the edge of the "bush", as too sunny or too shady. The criterion should be to collect canes that have not been extreme temperature changes.
Once in possession of the barrels, cured, we must work.
Tools minimum requirements: a sharp knife (such as hubs to engage), razor blades / cutters or knife, sandpaper of very thin tubes of brass / copper, twine, plant resins (also here varies widely, but generally using the pine, pitch, or simply Vinavil).
In fact, the traditional manufacturers have made ad hoc tools: chisels, curved blades, media, etc ...
The size of the reed (cane and then cut) depends on the type of shawm on which you want to mount (Molise, Lazio, Basilicata totarella, pip, etc ...) and type of pitch that you want to give.
In particular, the pitch of the shawm, his ability to dribble or not the notes and the amount of air required to play high notes and low ones, depends on the length and width at the top of the reed (in addition to the length and diameter inside the body of the shawm)
In general, the double reeds for shawm are long between 5 and 7 cm (tube included) and large head in between 1 and 1.5 cm.
Therefore, the barrels to be used should have an outside diameter of between 1.8 and 2.4 cm.
Processing:
The flue should be divided into three broad strips 2 / 4 mm more than the width you want to give the head of the hip, and 10.15 cm long.
Once you have this cane strips, put them in lukewarm water for 30 min to 1 hour and then affects (with a razor blade to the tip, or better, with a scalpel) one half of the inside of the strip until it is in 2 pieces (there should be the steady hand of a surgeon).
Kids do not try to do these things.
At this point, starting from about the middle of these two segments, removal of two triangles barrel from its two sides, in order to obtain a shape similar to the hip end.
Delete (cautiously) the inside of the upper half of the barrel with a round gouge (I use also tubing of various diameters with the head very, very sharp) to also remove the body section of the barrel that contains the lymphatic channels (you recognize them by looking into the barrel section).
At this point, the barrel should be (head) almost transparent and ready to be mounted on the tube.
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